Angina is a type of chest pain that happens when the heart doesn’t receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It often feels like pressure, squeezing, or fullness in the chest and may also be felt in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina is not a disease itself but a symptom of an underlying heart condition, typically coronary artery disease. Episodes of angina can be triggered by physical activity, stress, cold weather, or even after a large meal. While the pain usually goes away with rest, it can be a sign that the heart is working harder than it should and not getting the oxygen it needs.
What Are the Different Types of Angina?
There are several forms of angina, and knowing the differences can help guide treatment. Stable angina is the most common type and occurs during exertion or stress, usually lasting a few minutes and easing with rest or medication. Unstable angina happens unexpectedly and can occur while at rest, often signaling a higher risk of heart attack. Variant angina, also called Prinzmetal’s angina, is less common and is caused by a spasm in the coronary arteries. It often occurs at night and may not be related to physical activity or stress.
What Symptoms Should You Watch For?
The most noticeable symptom of angina is chest discomfort, but it may also include shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, or sweating. Some people describe it as a heavy weight or burning sensation across the chest. Women and people with diabetes may experience less obvious symptoms, such as indigestion or fatigue. If chest discomfort is new, more intense, or lasts longer than a few minutes, it may be a sign of unstable angina or another serious issue and should be evaluated quickly. Early attention can help reduce the risk of complications.
To determine whether chest pain is due to angina, a healthcare provider may begin with a physical exam and questions about symptoms and medical history. Diagnostic tools such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, echocardiogram, or coronary angiography may be used to assess heart function and blood flow. Blood tests may also help rule out other conditions or check for markers of heart damage. Accurate diagnosis allows for a tailored approach to managing symptoms and preventing worsening heart problems.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment for angina focuses on improving blood flow to the heart and reducing strain. Lifestyle changes—such as quitting smoking, eating a balanced diet, managing stress, and staying active—can support overall heart health. Medications like nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or antiplatelet drugs may also be prescribed. In some cases, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery are needed to restore proper blood flow. These options are generally considered when lifestyle changes and medications aren’t enough to control symptoms.
Talk to Your Doctor About Agina
Many people with angina are able to manage their symptoms with the right combination of treatment and daily habits. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider can help track progress and adjust the care plan as needed. Recognizing early signs of worsening symptoms can help reduce the risk of more serious heart problems. Living with angina may require some adjustments, but it doesn’t have to limit your life. With a focused plan, people often return to work, exercise, and daily activities with more confidence.
